Surface equipment in oil extraction




The oil landscape par excellence has always been dominated by the image of the pumpjacks, used since the beginning of oil extraction to this day.

The iconic universal image regarding oil extraction is the pumpjack: one of the superficial pumping units in oil extraction, apart from the hydraulic unit. This pumping unit converts the angular movement of the shaft of a motor or reciprocal vertical into the ability to drive the string of rods and pump the subsoil to bring the hydrocarbon to the surface. The revolutions per minute of the driving machine are closely linked to the variation of the pumpjack's speed and the variation of the counterweight acts against loads of bars and fluids of the well.

The surface systems are selected according to the criteria of productivity and depth of the deposit and their availability depends on the design of the same. They have to be just at the level that is needed, since a sub-designed pumpjack limits the conditions of the production equipment, affecting the production rate of the well. On the other hand, an over-designed pumpjack whose capacity, load, torque, and stroke exceed the needs, is too expensive.

Oil pumpjack
Pumpjacks are classified into two main categories:
• Conventional: They consist of a speed reducer gear with a fulcrum at the back part, in the middle of the joist.
• Advanced geometry: The support spots are located in the back and the speed reducers in the front. Its balance is achieved either by the mechanical action of counterweights or by compressed air. Its design must have three essential aspects:
• Speed ​​reducer system.
• Joint system.
• Counterweight system.
 Components of the extraction system


The mechanical oil pumping system is relatively low maintenance cost and simple operation, allows changes in production ranges by the increase or reduction in the speed of the pumping system. It allows the use of gas engines as primary motorization units in cases of electrical unavailability and is usually the most efficient form of surface lifting.
However, it is inconvenient in wells with high deviation, it cannot be used in offshore wells or with excessive sand production and its volumetric efficiency decreases when free gas is available. Traditional mechanical pumping is applied worldwide for heavy and extra heavy crudes, as well as in the extraction of medium and light crudes.




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