The Cannonade in the Perforation of Wells



ACCORDING TO THE ESTIMATED DEPTH OF THE OIL WELL, THE STRUCTURES TO BE TRAVERSED AND THE SUBSTITUTE CONDITIONS, THE DRILLING EQUIPMENT IS SELECTED.

In oil wells, devices called cannons or drilling guns containing pre-molded explosive charges of different sizes and configurations are used for drilling.
 Well drilling. Picture from steemit.com
The characteristics of the well, as well as the surface conditions, determine the diameter of the barrel to be used for drilling. It is from there that the term cannon is derived, to describe the process of creating openings through the casing and a layer of cement extended within the formation, and so establish effective communication between the well and the reservoir.
The cannon work allows to carry out cementation work and improve the production by injection, for which multiple aspects have to be taken into account. First, each site determines the type of equipment needed, the techniques to be used for drilling the well to determine the most suitable specific procedure. After the preliminary study, the characteristics of the pipes and cement are determined, as well as the quantity and type of load that will support the canyon.
The efficiency of the cannon can be affected by the temperature, the resistance of the formation and the state of the cement, since the choice of the type of cannon varies between jet, bullet or hydraulic cannon.

The cannonade of wells. Picture from utsvirtual.edu.co

Jet guns: they are the most recently used and used in more than 95% of the cannon operations. They use high power explosives, molded loads with metal covers and can be lowered simultaneously by using electrical or mechanical gems. Jet guns are ignited with an electric detonator that causes a chain reaction between the detonator and the explosive. After the explosion, the lining material flows in a high-density jet.
Bulletproof cannon: although it is currently not widely used, it is still applied in soft or cracked formations. The bullets are fired towards the casing, crossing the cement until reaching the site.
Hydraulic gunning: open holes one at a time, through the casing, cement, and formation, with high-pressure jets of a fluid resulting from the mixture of water with sand. This method has the disadvantage of the high costs involved.

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